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The measure of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration is the gold standard of glycemic control index in diabetes management and is well known as a marker for diabetes complications. However, HbA1c level neither accurately reflect glucose fluctuations, nor does it provide a clear indication of glycemic control in recent days or weeks. HbA1c concentration measurement can be confounded in patients...
Continuous glucose monitors (CGM), devices that can measure interstitial glucose in “real time,” have become widely available particularly for use in patients with diabetes, and their accuracy and ease of use have greatly improved over the last decade. A number of large and well-controlled clinical trials have firmly established their usefulness in improving metabolic control (as measured by HbA1C)...
The diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography using 11C-methionine (MET–PET) in detecting parathyroid adenoma has been investigated by several studies with conflicting results. Aim of our study is to meta-analyze published data about this topic. A comprehensive computer literature search of studies published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Embase databases through May 2012 and regarding...
Sex hormone receptors, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptors (ERs) including both ERα and ERβ, mediate the actions of sex hormones. In this study, we aimed to evaluate sex hormone receptors expression in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UUTUCs) of ureter and renal pelvis with different tumor stages and grades as well as their possible roles in tumor progression. Immunohistochemistry...
Cinacalcet, the first calcimimetic to be approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in the chronic kidney disease patients, offers a novel therapeutic approach to SHPT. The aim of this meta-analysis is to access the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet on bone and mineral metabolism disorders in the dialysis patients with SHPT. Randomized controlled trials on cinacalcet combined...
It is well established that both estrogen loss and type II diabetes mellitus (DMII) can impair bone metabolism, but whether estrogen loss exacerbates the effects of DMII is unclear. Therefore, we determined if ovariectomy (OVX) of rats on a long-term high-fat/sugar diet and injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (DMII) decreased bone mineral density (BMD) more than OVX or DMII alone. Bone insulin...
The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine adrenal venous catecholamine concentrations and related indices in non-pheochromocytoma patients and to estimate from the obtained results whether measurements of adrenal venous catecholamine concentrations by adrenal venous sampling (AVS) are useful for localizing adrenal pheochromocytoma. The study population comprised 15 patients in whom AVS...
AdipoR1 is one of the adiponectin receptors which are important for adiponectin signaling. Because adiponectin is a candidate gene for common obesity, it is also hypothesized that variations in AdipoR1 may be involved in the development of complex obesity. Therefore, we designed an association study for the AdipoR1 gene. We performed a case–control association study including 1,021 obese subjects...
This clinical review will summarize the available data regarding the role of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) on the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis control in physiological and pathological conditions and in the memory processes involved in the control and appraisal of a stress event. MRs are predominantly expressed in the limbic structures, with the hippocampus being the main localization,...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has recently been recognized as the leading cause of the abnormalities in the liver function tests in the Western countries. Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent immunological intolerance to gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. CD has been reported in 4–13 % of the cases with steatohepatitis, although the pathogenesis of the liver steatosis...
The aim of the study was to evaluate patients with Cushing’s syndrome the coronary flow reserve (CFR), an index of coronary microvascular function. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients with Cushing’s syndrome (1 male/14 females; mean age 45 ± 11 years), were selected for having no clinical evidence of ischemic heart disease. Twelve patients had pituitary-dependent Cushing’s disease and three had an adrenal...
Sarcopenia is one of the leading causes of disability in the elderly. Despite the growing prevalence of sarcopenia, the molecular mechanisms that control aging-related changes in muscle mass are not fully understood. The ubiquitin proteasome system is one of the major pathways that regulate muscle protein degradation, and this system plays a central role in controlling muscle size. Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1...
DNA methylation regulates gene expression. Aberrant methylation plays an important role in human tumorigenesis. We have previously detected reduced NIS mRNA expression in thyroid tumors as compared to non-tumor tissues. Thus, in this study we investigated whether the methylation of the CpG-island located in the NIS gene promoter was associated with reduced mRNA expression in thyroid tumors. Methylation...
Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic disease associated with an absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and a progressive deterioration of β-cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D pathophysiology has numerous defects including incretin deficiency/resistance. Gastrin has demonstrated to be an islet growth factor (like glucagon-like peptide-1, epidermal growth factor, transforming...
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